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Edward Monckton
Edward Monckton (3 November 1744 – 1 July 1832)〔(The History of Parliament: Members 1754-1790 - MONCKTON, Hon. Edward )〕 was a British colonial administrator and nabob, a Whig politician, a Member of Parliament for 32 years, and an important Staffordshire landowner.
==Background and early life==
Monckton was the fifth surviving son of John Monckton, 1st Viscount Galway (1695–1751) by his second wife, Jane Westenra of Rathleague, Queen's County, Ireland, a relative of the Barons Rossmore. The distinguished soldier and colonial administrator Robert Monckton and William, the second Viscount, were older half-brothers, by Lady Elizabeth Manners, who died in 1730. The Viscount's Irish peerage was purely a convenient way of ennobling a government supporter while still allowing him to sit in the House of Commons. The family were of Yorkshire origin, based at Cavil, near Howden and Hodroyd, near Barnsley. The family borough was Pontefract, secured by the first Viscount's purchase of 77 burgages, and represented in Parliament by Moncktons for more than 70 years. The Viscount also extended the family's property by the building of a new seat: Serlby Hall in north Nottinghamshire.
Viscount Galway had married Jane Westenra in 1734 while serving as Commissioner of Revenue in Ireland. They had three surviving sons together, of whom Edward was the third, and a daughter.〔( University of Nottingham: Biography of John Monckton, 1st Viscount Galway (1695-1751) )〕 Edward's father died when he was six years old, although his mother survived until 1788.〔(Inscription in Brewood parish church. )〕 The children of the second marriage lived with Jane Westenra, who had a house in London where she often entertained Samuel Johnson,〔(James Boswell: Life of Johnson, vol. 4, at Project Gutenberg )〕 and where Edward's younger sister, Mary learned the skills of the literary hostess.
Monckton was educated at a private school in Chelsea,〔(The History of Parliament: Members 1790-1820 - MONCKTON, Hon. Edward )〕 an area where there were many schools developing alternatives to public school education.〔(J.S. Cockburn, H.P.F. King, K.G.T. McDonnell (Editors): Victoria County History – Middlesex, vol. 1, chap. 38. )〕 As the younger son of an Irish peer, he was compelled to seek his own fortune. He entered the civil service of the East India Company at the age of 18. Such posts were awarded through patronage, not merit. They were in the gift of the Company's Directors and were usually obtained through use of family and political contacts. They could be a source of great profit, although the legitimacy of some practices engaged in by company civil servants was debatable,〔(Australian Institute of Genealogical Studies Inc.: The East India Company & British India )〕 He was sent to Madras, winter capital of the Madras Presidency and the life expectancy of Europeans in India was not high.
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